Paperback Writer

Paperback Writer It’s getting thereâ€"you have highlighted an essential facet of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your evaluation will reveal. First, I think about how the question being addressed fits into the current status of our information. Second, I ponder how well the work that was performed actually addresses the central question posed in the paper. Unless it’s for a journal I know well, the very first thing I do is check what format the journal prefers the review to be in. Some journals have structured review criteria; others simply ask for basic and particular feedback. Your readings in regards to the topic, nevertheless, have led you to the conclusion that elementary college youngsters are consuming much more sugar than is healthy. Furthermore, your reader doesn’t know what you want to say about sugar consumption. Almost all assignments, regardless of how difficult, could be lowered to a single query. Your first step, then, is to distill the assignment into a specific question. If your thesis merely states facts that no one would, and even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you're merely providing a summary, rather than making an argument. Re-studying the query immediate after constructing a working thesis might help you repair an argument that misses the main target of the question. is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the remainder of the paper. I additionally take note of the schemes and figures; if they're well designed and organized, then in most cases the complete paper has also been rigorously thought out. Most journals haven't got special directions, so I just learn the paper, usually starting with the Abstract, wanting at the figures, and then reading the paper in a linear fashion. I learn the digital version with an open word processing file, keeping an inventory of “major objects” and “minor objects” and making notes as I go. There are a couple of features that I ensure to deal with, although I cover a lot more floor as nicely. ” After you’ve chosen the query your essay will answer, compose one or two full sentences answering that query. You can both scroll down or choose a hyperlink to a particular subject. Also, you can ensure that you'll obtain any virus through downloading the files from our web useful resource. We want to warn you that even one kilobyte of the infected file can cause big issues to your software and you realize that the value of programming services may be very excessive. So, in order to keep away from issues, we use a full complicated of anti-virus hardware to provide you with a excessive-safety gadget, which will assist you to to download your written tasks. When someone starts working with us, he has to offer us with all the professor’s instructions and necessities that we must always comply with. The immediate asks you to research some facet of the novel. Your working thesis is an announcement of common appreciation for the entire novel. ” your thesis could also be too open-ended and lack steering for the reader. See what you'll be able to add to offer the reader a greater take in your position proper from the beginning. If a reader’s first response is more likely to be “So what? ” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to hook up with a larger concern. Have I taken a place that others may problem or oppose? Finally, I evaluate whether or not the methodology used is suitable. If the authors have presented a new tool or software program, I will test it intimately. First, I learn a printed model to get an overall impression. And all accomplished duties are written due to beneficial tutorial requirements. When it is ready, we check the project and send it to you before the set deadline. This is a weak thesis as a result of it merely states an remark. Your reader received’t be able to tell the point of the statement, and can probably stop studying. A strong thesis assertion takes some type of stand.

Samedayessay Com Reviews

Samedayessay Com Reviews A paper on the expertise of Danish residents dwelling near the German border during World War II would be specific and could be authentic sufficient. A paper following the chronology of World War II wouldn't be original or specific enough. You can try free writing, which includes taking a broad subject and writing constantly for two or three minutes to determine completely something related that could possibly be fascinating. There are many ways to generate an thought for a research paper, from brainstorming with pen and paper to talking it via with a fellow pupil or professor. Make a bulleted record of the important thing points, then return and cross accomplished items off as you’re writing. You will most likely revise and refine the thesis assertion as you do more research, however it could possibly serve as a guide all through the writing process. Every paragraph ought to goal to help and develop this central declare. An account might be created for you with the supplied details. Yes, we can develop a major research which qualifies as analysis paper on our order placement list. The first stage of inserting your order contains sending over the entire particulars. Your personal and cost particulars are safe with us. Our web site uses secure encryption for all orders. We guarantee to not share your particulars with any third parties. Request a free revision during 7 days after approving your paper. Identify the task objective, deadline, size specifications, formatting, and submission technique. Decide on how and when funds shall be made and use WorkRooms to collaborate, communicate and monitor work. We provide SafePay payment safety and your selection of preferred fee methodology for financial peace of mind. We verify Freelancers, publish their suggestions scores and All-Time Transaction Data that will help you identify time-examined professionals across the globe. You can hire a freelancer on-line for serving to you compile all your analysis findings in a nicely-formatted doc. We’ll revise it until we meet all of your requirements. We have an excellent vary of function addons that accompany our service. In the spirit of equity, our revision coverage makes sure that you don’t pay more for revisions should you feel sad. This might be carried out as per the phrases laid out in our Revision policy. Our phrases, conditions and procedures are also honest. Professional training and training in writing and communication, and data of a particular scientific self-discipline. Ability to follow specific criteria set by universities or journal editorial committees for writing totally different sections and presenting diagrams, tables and charts. Research specialists ensure that each reference is properly cited and that a bibliography part is present on the finish of the research paper. Refund virtually and your dislike paper him your each get us you to. We let you choose from 5 quality ranges and completely different deadlines . Using the form on the order page, ensure you present all the details of your order and take a look at to make your cost. If you have any hassle doing so, you can contact us by calling us, chatting with our customer representatives or even ship us an e mail. The thesis statement must be concise, contentious, and coherent. A thesis statement is a statement of your central argument â€" it establishes the purpose and place of your paper. Based on your needs, you’ll get a fair quote per page. Your paper may have proper references within the citation style you select. Academic writing is a huge problem for somebody who’s only done basic homework up to now. There’s nothing that loves greater than passing on his data of marketing in his writings. Always up-to-date with advertising tendencies, he has a BSc in Marketing from Keele University. If you began with a analysis query, the thesis assertion should answer it. It should also show what proof and reasoning you’ll use to assist that reply. Note any discussions that seem important to the subject, and attempt to discover a difficulty that you could focus your paper round. Use a wide range of sources, together with journals, books and dependable websites, to ensure you don't miss anything obtrusive.

Buy A Research Paper > Buying Research Papers Online

Buy A Research Paper > Buying Research Papers Online I would really like to write down my papers by myself, however I know you are able to do it better so what’s the point. I know I actually have to put in writing my papers on my own, nevertheless it was an exceptional case, and I am glad I selected you guys. Well, I did not put many expectations on how you'd do my research paper, but I am glad I was wrong about it. After a quick chat with a robot, I discovered that 90 per cent of their writers come from the US and UK, with the remaining 10 per cent being native English audio system. Additionally, most of their writers are educated to a Masters or PhD degree of training. Our writing consultants will start responding inside 1 minute to your request. Discuss all of the possible details instantly with the author and negotiate the worth. We don't encourage or endorse any actions that violate applicable law or any school or college policies. Doing papers is initially about writing â€" and this means impeccable English skills. The latter are tested by way of an elaborate grammar take a look at solely the most qualified candidates will move. On a extra constructive observe, should you’re in difficulty then have interaction together with your university’s support providers. I actually did not have many details and only knew I had to write my research paper for several days. The author helped me with the subject and the entire work. You should turn for cheap essay assist from us as a result of we provide only a hundred% authentic papers which might be cited properly. We know that plagiarism can result in terrible consequences, so we never rewrite and resell our papers. We guarantee that you'll receive a completely unique paper from us that is written from scratch in accordance with your particular person directions. One extra cause to choose us among rivals is our Money-Back Guarantee. Even in case if our writers fail to meet your expectations, which is almost unimaginable, you'll not regret turning for us. If you deny it, however their past shoppers confess, where does that leave you? Evidence of contract cheating can lead to a degree being formally revoked at any point in the future. Even if your university isn’t so strict, your employer might be. There have been several high-profile instances of politicians feeling the warmth as reporters check their old college work and find plagiarism. If you’re exposed in future, by person or by machine, think about the influence on your career. Essay mills â€" companies that join paying college students to freelance shadow authors â€" are within the news once more. Essay mills do seem curiously old style, paying homage to a time when information was an costly commodity. After that, place a deposit in your account which can only be launched to the author after the work is finished. Using this writing service is legal and isn't prohibited by any college/faculty insurance policies. I will ask you to write my research paper next time as well. If the revision just isn't relevant, we'll return your a refund. We always attempt to fulfill our purchasers at every step of cooperating with us, from ordering to reviewing. You can flip to us with a request, “write my essay” even with probably the most difficult topics, and we are going to take care of your order. Our versatile pricing coverage makes our providers reasonably priced for each pupil. There are choices to increase deadlines, get financial assist, defer, transfer course, or switch college. Tackling such issues can really feel more durable than the simple repair of a shadow creator, however the consequences are far worse. Additionally if you've already submitted an essay that wasn't written by you, there's the choice to redo plagiarised coursework by resitting a module. Think about all the opposite essays that your shadow author writes, for other clients. Not an issue for now; but similarly, future improved software program will find similarities in the way that every shadow creator writes. It is essential for us to by no means promise what we can not do. We guarantee that our customers’ private information remains secure and secure with our service. Nobody will ever know that you've got turned for us to get custom essay writing help. All of papers you get at Grademiners.com are meant for research functions solely. You’ve visited the proper of website, so you can contemplate your request carried out. The writer followed the instructions and the paper was unique. The primary rule to put in writing my paper was no plagiarism, and my author did it completely.

Writing An Introductory Paragraph

Writing An Introductory Paragraph We additionally research the BBB to make sure that writing service has not had serious complaints lodged against them. This is how we examine for high quality web design and ease of use. Please don't use this list as a model for the format of your individual reference record, as it could not match the quotation type you might be utilizing. For steering on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial. This ultimate thesis assertion presents an interpretation of a literary work primarily based on an evaluation of its content material. It’s additionally how we decide the standard of writing on the website. Finally, we learn the policy pages to learn how the company conducts enterprise. Bid4papers.com provides writing and analysis providers for restricted use solely. While we're busy together with your faculty paper, examine our illustrated writing guides. Stay in touch along with your author and control the method from begin to finish. Before I turned an editor, I was fairly eclectic within the journals I reviewed for, but now I tend to be more discerning, since my enhancing duties take up a lot of my reviewing time. Thank you so much, coming from an 8th grader who procrastinated on two essays, I️ finished my research paper on Alexander Hamilton, with energy drink, spite, and this web site. The possibilities of students to spice up writing abilities in a fast and effective means. Keep in touch and answer any questions your author might need. We complete all assignments from scratch, which aren't connected to any essay databases. In addition, earlier than sending your paper to you, we verify it for plagiarism to verify it has no copy-pasted components. We confirm the corporate’s location and other data. If we now have obtained the writing of any analysis work on time then we're responsible for it. Using this writing service is authorized and is not prohibited by any college/school insurance policies. Choose the Writer’s Samples possibility â€" study three randomly-supplied pages from orders that have been written by the assigned author. We consulted these works whereas scripting this handout. This isn't a comprehensive record of assets on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your personal analysis to seek out the newest publications on this subject. I find the conclusion paragraph to be the most difficult part to write. I mean you have already mentioned everything that must be stated, so now you are simply filling house till you possibly can cease writing. It's like whenever you're caught in a boring conversation and also you're looking for an excuse to go away. When writing about a person I often use this house for their legacy. Like how they impacted their youngsters, the following era, the concepts of at present, and so on. Don't begin on the introduction and conclusion paragraphs yet, just dive right into the details. Try to mix the stuff from different sources so that it all flows collectively. Different sources can have completely different tones and writing types and although you put every little thing in your own phrases, every section can sound different. This puts up a pink flag for a professor to suppose that you're plagiarizing so maintain that in thoughts. I kind of use that strategy with an idea as nicely, like how did that invention/thought/idea change society or tradition. Once you've your thesis assertion established, read via the stuff you've written and attempt to arrange and take out stuff that does not fit. Come up with the variety of paragraphs you want, what each paragraph is particularly speaking about, and put things of their respective paragraphs. If you have to, google some extra stuff and get extra analysis. He is in search of a suitable author who has the expertise and knowledge of the topic.

History Paper Writing Service

History Paper Writing Service Respect the interviewee's opinions and be careful to clearly specific which ideas are your own and that are theirs. In the conclusion, summarize the principle arguments and finish with a memorable assertion. An interview paper should have an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. Your introductory paragraph should comprise data that may seize your reader's attention and motivate them to proceed reading. These citations should go next to quotes as well as paraphrased info. Some require a summary of research, whereas others need an unique argument supported with analysis. Start with a fast overview of the subject and relevant background data. This is just a paragraph, so keep it partaking but succinct. At Cornerstone, you’ll receive a rigorous training through the lens of a Christ-focused worldview. A paper about experimental scientific research that you've got done. The traditional ideas nonetheless stand, in fact. Understand your self enough to know should you want a day, per week or a month to start out and end the paper. Will use this service once more, everything was great. I'm impressed with the way this paper turned out. Had to ask for a few revision sessions however the ultimate result's nice. This is perhaps essentially the most boring part of the process. You need to look by way of dozens of sources to seek out the details that can allow you to structure the paper. We know the place to look for them and what sources to use. Don't worry, we rely only on these books, manuscripts and scientific journals which might be respected and updated. You can discuss as many concepts as potential, but it's critical to stay on the topic and maintain the data related to the viewers. Write the points you need to make and the belongings you want to summarize in full sentences however in whatever order is smart. Not solely do they require the researcher to read and understand the fabric, but additionally they assist make the citations simple to copy-paste into the reference part, and finally the paper. Serving High School, College, and University college students, their academics, and independent researchers since 2000. Always give your paper one last read-via to examine for minor errors. Try to do that the day after you end your last draft so as to verify it with fresh eyes. Once you’ve moved issues round within the document, stitched them along with transitional sentences and closed the EasyBib tab, run your paper by a couple of individuals. However, with analysis, the paper not often begins firstly. Sometimes you find a cool article or prompt which leads to a question, or generally you begin with the question and begin net trying to find books and TedTalks with the same key phrases. If you’re not sure tips on how to access these, examine together with your campus library. Professors could have a pre-accredited listing of matters, or they may offer you a really basic prompt. When choosing a subject, maintain a couple of issues in mind. All in all the paper was OK but I expected more for this value. Texts from this era have largely been misplaced to time, and the primary cause is poor preservation techniques (Jones, 2005, p. 27). include a works cited record and cite your sources based on the required style information! Within your paper, that means utilizing in-text and parenthetical citations appropriately. In general, these citations will include the last name of the writer and a web page number, yr, or each denoting the supplyâ€"format varies by fashion. In the digital age, educational research takes place principally on-line . Still, this doesn’t mean that Wikipedia and other consumer-generated web sites are acceptable sources. Use educational search engines like google and yahoo similar to Academic Search Premier, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and others. Here are some sources that will help you navigate this transitional time. At Cornerstone, we imagine Christian greater schooling must be affordable. Learn extra about scholarships and financial help out there to college students.

Best Essay Writing Service Reviews ☛ Essay Service Reviews

Best Essay Writing Service Reviews ☛ Essay Service Reviews They think about paying for skilled writing help online as an ideal way out when they are pressed for time and may’t complete their time-consuming projects themselves. We perceive the explanation why you need solely the best paper writers to work in your educational papers. After all, your grades and your GPA rely upon the standard of these essays. We wish to assure you that we make use of only professional writers with a proven track report of success. We have by no means delivered a chunk that incorporates plagiarism â€" it is checked earlier than you get it. This means we have accrued an expert, professional research, and writing staff. They have all ranges of levels, and as a team, cowl each content subject. We gladly share some examples of via analysis and writing that we did for our prospects. If you don’t know where to start outâ€"start from the Wikipedia record of references. As a regulation pupil, I like when all the phrases and circumstances are written down on paper in order that my rights are safeguarded. We know that seconds rely for you, so we save the trouble and time expense of your school life. Choose the type of paper you need to be written, the variety of pages, deadline and other requirements. Describe the principle ideas of your paper, indicating students who have supplied them, and select which of them suit your research paper one of the best. Evaluate their high quality and don’t neglect to quote them. We take our clients’ requirements very significantly and we always walk the extra mile to ship essays that require absolutely no enhancing or proofreading. Sometimes you'll be able to assume that writing of a extremely convincing and good analysis paper is unimaginable thing, furthermore writing good paper within discussed timeframes. Sometimes you can even procrastinate because of the reluctance to write down it. To keep away from this situation, you can apply for a free inquiry before you submit an order. Presentation is a paper that must be composed in a beautiful graphical form. Another issue with presentations is that they need to concurrently be attention-grabbing to the viewers and be authentic. This is a fragile balance that solely experienced students can obtain. If you don’t know how to begin and what to do, name us immediately. She was dedicated with each single details and ship the paper inside deadline. ”, you comply with our terms of service and privacy policy. We can all the time assist you to â€" whether you could have six hours or six months to complete your analysis paper, contact us to learn the way we may help you. There are a lot of professional writers who're always ready to help you complete any tough assignment. Buying low cost research papers online on quite a few customized writing companies has become a typical practice amongst busy college students of all academic ranges. Typically, they have to combine full-time studies with full-time or half-time jobs to earn their residing. They often have a lot of different necessary commitments and even have to skip some lessons. If you occurred to find some good ideas in any of your sources, make a remark! There is nothing more frustrating than to be accused of plagiarism because you forgot the place the concept you determined to use got here from. Always avoid questionable sources with no credibility to them. It additionally may be that at the moment we don’t have a specialist who can complete your paper. Choose “homework” in the “type-of-paper” field if you have bother indicating what exactly your trainer needs you to do. Discussion essay has a lot in common with an argumentative essay as it also requires the coed to contemplate a number of points of view on one downside. All in all, I’m happy I found this service a yr ago, and I at all times suggest it to my mates who marvel how I manage to combine my research with an element-time job. Each paper helper here's a degree holder and is an expert in his or her subject. Remember, our professional paper writing providers have been recommended by main publications. Moreover, we've acquired stellar suggestions from greater than 98% of our purchasers. We can guarantee you that our companies are skilled and legit and that your tutorial paper will be prepared on time. Have no time or lack expertise to put in writing these tricky school papers by yourself? These days, it’s not a big drawback anymore, especially at AdvancedWriters.com.

Best Essay Writing Service Reviews ☛ Essay Service Reviews

Best Essay Writing Service Reviews ☛ Essay Service Reviews They think about paying for skilled writing help online as an ideal way out when they are pressed for time and may’t complete their time-consuming projects themselves. We perceive the explanation why you need solely the best paper writers to work in your educational papers. After all, your grades and your GPA rely upon the standard of these essays. We wish to assure you that we make use of only professional writers with a proven track report of success. We have by no means delivered a chunk that incorporates plagiarism â€" it is checked earlier than you get it. This means we have accrued an expert, professional research, and writing staff. They have all ranges of levels, and as a team, cowl each content subject. We gladly share some examples of via analysis and writing that we did for our prospects. If you don’t know where to start outâ€"start from the Wikipedia record of references. As a regulation pupil, I like when all the phrases and circumstances are written down on paper in order that my rights are safeguarded. We know that seconds rely for you, so we save the trouble and time expense of your school life. Choose the type of paper you need to be written, the variety of pages, deadline and other requirements. Describe the principle ideas of your paper, indicating students who have supplied them, and select which of them suit your research paper one of the best. Evaluate their high quality and don’t neglect to quote them. We take our clients’ requirements very significantly and we always walk the extra mile to ship essays that require absolutely no enhancing or proofreading. Sometimes you'll be able to assume that writing of a extremely convincing and good analysis paper is unimaginable thing, furthermore writing good paper within discussed timeframes. Sometimes you can even procrastinate because of the reluctance to write down it. To keep away from this situation, you can apply for a free inquiry before you submit an order. Presentation is a paper that must be composed in a beautiful graphical form. Another issue with presentations is that they need to concurrently be attention-grabbing to the viewers and be authentic. This is a fragile balance that solely experienced students can obtain. If you don’t know how to begin and what to do, name us immediately. She was dedicated with each single details and ship the paper inside deadline. ”, you comply with our terms of service and privacy policy. We can all the time assist you to â€" whether you could have six hours or six months to complete your analysis paper, contact us to learn the way we may help you. There are a lot of professional writers who're always ready to help you complete any tough assignment. Buying low cost research papers online on quite a few customized writing companies has become a typical practice amongst busy college students of all academic ranges. Typically, they have to combine full-time studies with full-time or half-time jobs to earn their residing. They often have a lot of different necessary commitments and even have to skip some lessons. If you occurred to find some good ideas in any of your sources, make a remark! There is nothing more frustrating than to be accused of plagiarism because you forgot the place the concept you determined to use got here from. Always avoid questionable sources with no credibility to them. It additionally may be that at the moment we don’t have a specialist who can complete your paper. Choose “homework” in the “type-of-paper” field if you have bother indicating what exactly your trainer needs you to do. Discussion essay has a lot in common with an argumentative essay as it also requires the coed to contemplate a number of points of view on one downside. All in all, I’m happy I found this service a yr ago, and I at all times suggest it to my mates who marvel how I manage to combine my research with an element-time job. Each paper helper here's a degree holder and is an expert in his or her subject. Remember, our professional paper writing providers have been recommended by main publications. Moreover, we've acquired stellar suggestions from greater than 98% of our purchasers. We can guarantee you that our companies are skilled and legit and that your tutorial paper will be prepared on time. Have no time or lack expertise to put in writing these tricky school papers by yourself? These days, it’s not a big drawback anymore, especially at AdvancedWriters.com.

My Paper Writer

My Paper Writer The macrostructure revision consists of the revision of the organization, content, and move. The microstructure degree includes particular person phrases, sentence construction, grammar, punctuation, and spelling. You will submit your paper tomorrow, and whatever the outcome, you know that you can do it. If one journal does not take your paper, you'll benefit from the feedback and resubmit once more. You will have a publication, and this is the most important achievement. The revision can be carried out at the macrostructure and the microstructure ranges . State the constraints, weaknesses, and assumptions of your examine.Move 3. Summarize the solutions to the research questions.b. Call us, send us an email, or contact us by way of stay chat to get all the knowledge you want. The phrases-into-pages converter will show you what number of words in a specific font dimension and line spacing you need to write to fill one page. Universities mandate that professors given college students rubrics or some form of evaluation guideline. Remember, the rubric for the course on the task sheet you’ve been given, you can see a basic rubric within the class syllabus, or the professor will include a rubric with an assignment sheet. Here, we’ll stroll you through an important features of making a paper, from starting to end so you won’t should whip up a paper in an afternoon, plagiarize, or neglect to do the task. When the paper is written, you get an email that there is a PDF file in your private account. Check it and approve it to get a doc file that you could amend nevertheless you want. Your profs know whenever you don’t take time prewriting, and they know if you’re being wishy-washy or only studying to bolster your opinion. Go through and find the ideas the prof wants you to cowl within the paper. Even with bullets and commands that’s plenty of textual content. Let’s take it part by part, one directive at a time. Note that this sentence leads with an introductory clause that signifies the speculation itself, transitioning well right into a synopsis of the method in the second half of the sentence. You ought to start by giving your reader a brief overview of knowledge or earlier studies already performed within the context of your research subject. Our support team works from Monday until Saturday to answer all questions you have regarding our service and your order. If you assume there must be some modifications made in your paper, apply for a free revision. Our support group shall be ready to assist you all through by taking you through our order price calculation system and in addition give you a discount for the research paper. Instead of stressing yourself out and making an attempt to crack the research paper puzzle, rent us, and we assure to ship high-quality analysis work identical to we have at all times done before. You are nonetheless in your lab finishing revisions and getting ready to submit your paper. You feel joyful ― you could have finally completed a 12 months’s worth of labor. Indicate the importance of the work by stating functions, suggestions, and implications. Show that the overall analysis area is important, central, fascinating, and problematic ultimately;Move 2. Indicate a spot within the earlier analysis, or lengthen earlier data in some way.Move 3. Explain the that means and importance of your discovering.c. Consider various explanations of the findings.Move 2. Compare and distinction your findings with those of other revealed results.b. Explain any discrepancies and surprising findings.c.

Essay Writers

Essay Writers Essay mills do seem curiously old-fashioned, harking back to a time when information was an expensive commodity. Our writing experts will begin responding inside 1 minute to your request. Discuss all the attainable details directly with the author and negotiate the worth. After that, place a deposit in your account which is able to solely be released to the writer after the work is finished. Using this writing service is legal and isn't prohibited by any college/college insurance policies. knowing your information and writing fashion, will probably be very straightforward in your professor to know that it was not you who has written a brand new essay. If your earlier works had been not so good as a new one, your professor will definitely suspect one thing wrong here; yes, your new work is in a different league now. Our online resource belongs to the record of one of the best web sites in this particular sphere. We offer all our clients various kinds of research papers at affordable prices, which will be accomplished within the briefest phrases. All of papers you get at Grademiners.com are meant for research purposes solely. Not an issue for now; but equally, future improved software will discover similarities in the way in which that every shadow writer writes. If you deny it, however their past shoppers confess, the place does that go away you? On a extra constructive note, if you’re in problem then interact with your university’s help providers. There are choices to extend deadlines, get monetary help, defer, switch course, or switch university. Tackling such issues can really feel more durable than the easy fix of a shadow writer, however the consequences are far worse. Additionally if you've already submitted an essay that wasn't written by you, there may be the option to redo plagiarised coursework by resitting a module. Think about all the opposite essays that your shadow author writes, for different purchasers. You’ve visited the right kind of web site, so you can think about your request done. We’ll match you with a professional tutorial author, a proven professional in a subject matter you seek. This writer will work solely on your order until it’s fully full, and also you’re genuinely happy with the final draft. Don’t worry, we’ll nonetheless have the ability to offer you a professional professional who’ll do your project for reasonable however the high quality of writing will nonetheless be there. The urgency of orders varies from 1 hour to 2 months. There have been a number of high-profile cases of politicians feeling the warmth as reporters verify their old college work and discover plagiarism. If you’re uncovered in future, by individual or by machine, consider the influence on your profession. Essay mills â€" firms that join paying college students to freelance shadow authors â€" are within the news once more. The current debate is about banning them by legislation. In addition, there are three primary levels of writers. Our specialists write essays for money whereas the value is always affordable. Depending in your finances and deadlines, you can have a brand new composition written for cheap according to your deadline. Doing papers is first and foremost about writing â€" and this implies impeccable English expertise. The latter are examined by way of an elaborate grammar take a look at solely the most qualified candidates will move. Evidence of contract dishonest can result in a degree being formally revoked at any level in the future. Even if your university isn’t so strict, your employer might be. Have you suddenly turn out to be a guru of essay writing? So, should you try to cheat your professors and pay for papers, you might be dishonest yourself as a substitute. We are one of the first websites the place college students have been capable of purchase nice customized papers. So be it any matter that you are struggling in, have somebody write your paper for cash and you may be supplied with a elegant paper in return.

Pay For Essays Online

Pay For Essays Online All candidates for the writer’s place should meet these necessities. Otherwise, we flip down the candidate instantly. We need only the top-grade writers to work on your orders. That is why each candidate undergoes a radical selection procedure to hitch our professional team. If you might be on the lookout for somebody to pay so they might write you a good analysis paper, cease doing it now! There is not any want to search any longer, EduBirdie is there for you and their analysis papers are nothing else but state-of-the-artwork works of individuals certainly know one thing about research. I actually have never been much of a researcher, however I had no different alternative but to put in writing those papers. Otherwise, I might have ended up being expelled from the university. Thankfully, EduBirdie have had all my papers written for me. A skilled tutorial editor will go over your paper and grasp it to absolute perfection. The essay is the most typical written project at school. At Write My Essays, you don’t have to pay for each further factor that comes along along with your paper. Our aim is to share our wealthy experience in academic writing with you and assist you to succeed, while not spending a fortune. That’s why we always ship the work you deserve. Specify the type of project, a deadline, and our writers will instantly begin bidding on your order. There is not any chance for it to ever seem on the web. Quite usually, students get overwhelmed with the amount of workload, thus it’s difficult to submit all of their college assignments on time without writing help. Communicate with the writer everytime you want using secure chat board and hold observe of the writing progress. In case of any questions, contact our support manager. You know… What if somebody finds out or what in the event that they turn into cheaters. Such a pity I haven’t discovered this service earlier â€" could have saved so much time, energy and nerves. First, we anticipate our future writer to have a University diploma and at least 2 years of experience in custom writing. Tell us ‘write my essay on-line,’ specify your subject and subject, and obtain a compelling English essay within your deadline. Our Quality Assurance Team checks each paper for sale for plagiarism and consistency earlier than last supply. You are assured to receive a completely unique piece with correctly cited sources. Your customized essay shall be deleted in 30 days after the delivery. I even have to work a lot to pay for school and therefore do not have a lot time to deal with multitude of acadmic assignemnts. I had to flip to educational writing company, which turned out to be pretty good! Write My Essays writing service offers discounts for every buyer. Make positive that your order is $30 or above to apply for the discounts. You will get a 5% value reduction if the price of your order is more than $500. But if the price of your order is greater than $one thousand, make sure to obtain a 10% low cost. You get them free of cost with your accomplished paper. Lots of faculty students work part-time attempting to earn extra cash or to pay off their loans. Therefore, they don’t have sufficient time to complete all the writing assignments. All of papers you get at MasterPapers.com are meant for research purposes only. They are qualified at or above the level you requested. If, for instance, you order a high school degree essay, it is going to be assigned to a writer with BA or MA levels, however when you need a thesis or a dissertation, we’ll match you with a PhD skilled. If you've already written your paper however want another pair of eyes to look at it, strive our modifying service. Only authentic essays, analysis papers and the opposite tasks you pay cash for are written completely for you and delivered to you by the deadline you specify. Type of faculty assignments from fast essays to complex research papers.

Pay For Essays Online

Pay For Essays Online All candidates for the writer’s place should meet these necessities. Otherwise, we flip down the candidate instantly. We need only the top-grade writers to work on your orders. That is why each candidate undergoes a radical selection procedure to hitch our professional team. If you might be on the lookout for somebody to pay so they might write you a good analysis paper, cease doing it now! There is not any want to search any longer, EduBirdie is there for you and their analysis papers are nothing else but state-of-the-artwork works of individuals certainly know one thing about research. I actually have never been much of a researcher, however I had no different alternative but to put in writing those papers. Otherwise, I might have ended up being expelled from the university. Thankfully, EduBirdie have had all my papers written for me. A skilled tutorial editor will go over your paper and grasp it to absolute perfection. The essay is the most typical written project at school. At Write My Essays, you don’t have to pay for each further factor that comes along along with your paper. Our aim is to share our wealthy experience in academic writing with you and assist you to succeed, while not spending a fortune. That’s why we always ship the work you deserve. Specify the type of project, a deadline, and our writers will instantly begin bidding on your order. There is not any chance for it to ever seem on the web. Quite usually, students get overwhelmed with the amount of workload, thus it’s difficult to submit all of their college assignments on time without writing help. Communicate with the writer everytime you want using secure chat board and hold observe of the writing progress. In case of any questions, contact our support manager. You know… What if somebody finds out or what in the event that they turn into cheaters. Such a pity I haven’t discovered this service earlier â€" could have saved so much time, energy and nerves. First, we anticipate our future writer to have a University diploma and at least 2 years of experience in custom writing. Tell us ‘write my essay on-line,’ specify your subject and subject, and obtain a compelling English essay within your deadline. Our Quality Assurance Team checks each paper for sale for plagiarism and consistency earlier than last supply. You are assured to receive a completely unique piece with correctly cited sources. Your customized essay shall be deleted in 30 days after the delivery. I even have to work a lot to pay for school and therefore do not have a lot time to deal with multitude of acadmic assignemnts. I had to flip to educational writing company, which turned out to be pretty good! Write My Essays writing service offers discounts for every buyer. Make positive that your order is $30 or above to apply for the discounts. You will get a 5% value reduction if the price of your order is more than $500. But if the price of your order is greater than $one thousand, make sure to obtain a 10% low cost. You get them free of cost with your accomplished paper. Lots of faculty students work part-time attempting to earn extra cash or to pay off their loans. Therefore, they don’t have sufficient time to complete all the writing assignments. All of papers you get at MasterPapers.com are meant for research purposes only. They are qualified at or above the level you requested. If, for instance, you order a high school degree essay, it is going to be assigned to a writer with BA or MA levels, however when you need a thesis or a dissertation, we’ll match you with a PhD skilled. If you've already written your paper however want another pair of eyes to look at it, strive our modifying service. Only authentic essays, analysis papers and the opposite tasks you pay cash for are written completely for you and delivered to you by the deadline you specify. Type of faculty assignments from fast essays to complex research papers.

Pay For Essays Online

Pay For Essays Online All candidates for the writer’s place should meet these necessities. Otherwise, we flip down the candidate instantly. We need only the top-grade writers to work on your orders. That is why each candidate undergoes a radical selection procedure to hitch our professional team. If you might be on the lookout for somebody to pay so they might write you a good analysis paper, cease doing it now! There is not any want to search any longer, EduBirdie is there for you and their analysis papers are nothing else but state-of-the-artwork works of individuals certainly know one thing about research. I actually have never been much of a researcher, however I had no different alternative but to put in writing those papers. Otherwise, I might have ended up being expelled from the university. Thankfully, EduBirdie have had all my papers written for me. A skilled tutorial editor will go over your paper and grasp it to absolute perfection. The essay is the most typical written project at school. At Write My Essays, you don’t have to pay for each further factor that comes along along with your paper. Our aim is to share our wealthy experience in academic writing with you and assist you to succeed, while not spending a fortune. That’s why we always ship the work you deserve. Specify the type of project, a deadline, and our writers will instantly begin bidding on your order. There is not any chance for it to ever seem on the web. Quite usually, students get overwhelmed with the amount of workload, thus it’s difficult to submit all of their college assignments on time without writing help. Communicate with the writer everytime you want using secure chat board and hold observe of the writing progress. In case of any questions, contact our support manager. You know… What if somebody finds out or what in the event that they turn into cheaters. Such a pity I haven’t discovered this service earlier â€" could have saved so much time, energy and nerves. First, we anticipate our future writer to have a University diploma and at least 2 years of experience in custom writing. Tell us ‘write my essay on-line,’ specify your subject and subject, and obtain a compelling English essay within your deadline. Our Quality Assurance Team checks each paper for sale for plagiarism and consistency earlier than last supply. You are assured to receive a completely unique piece with correctly cited sources. Your customized essay shall be deleted in 30 days after the delivery. I even have to work a lot to pay for school and therefore do not have a lot time to deal with multitude of acadmic assignemnts. I had to flip to educational writing company, which turned out to be pretty good! Write My Essays writing service offers discounts for every buyer. Make positive that your order is $30 or above to apply for the discounts. You will get a 5% value reduction if the price of your order is more than $500. But if the price of your order is greater than $one thousand, make sure to obtain a 10% low cost. You get them free of cost with your accomplished paper. Lots of faculty students work part-time attempting to earn extra cash or to pay off their loans. Therefore, they don’t have sufficient time to complete all the writing assignments. All of papers you get at MasterPapers.com are meant for research purposes only. They are qualified at or above the level you requested. If, for instance, you order a high school degree essay, it is going to be assigned to a writer with BA or MA levels, however when you need a thesis or a dissertation, we’ll match you with a PhD skilled. If you've already written your paper however want another pair of eyes to look at it, strive our modifying service. Only authentic essays, analysis papers and the opposite tasks you pay cash for are written completely for you and delivered to you by the deadline you specify. Type of faculty assignments from fast essays to complex research papers.

Pay For Essays Online

Pay For Essays Online All candidates for the writer’s place should meet these necessities. Otherwise, we flip down the candidate instantly. We need only the top-grade writers to work on your orders. That is why each candidate undergoes a radical selection procedure to hitch our professional team. If you might be on the lookout for somebody to pay so they might write you a good analysis paper, cease doing it now! There is not any want to search any longer, EduBirdie is there for you and their analysis papers are nothing else but state-of-the-artwork works of individuals certainly know one thing about research. I actually have never been much of a researcher, however I had no different alternative but to put in writing those papers. Otherwise, I might have ended up being expelled from the university. Thankfully, EduBirdie have had all my papers written for me. A skilled tutorial editor will go over your paper and grasp it to absolute perfection. The essay is the most typical written project at school. At Write My Essays, you don’t have to pay for each further factor that comes along along with your paper. Our aim is to share our wealthy experience in academic writing with you and assist you to succeed, while not spending a fortune. That’s why we always ship the work you deserve. Specify the type of project, a deadline, and our writers will instantly begin bidding on your order. There is not any chance for it to ever seem on the web. Quite usually, students get overwhelmed with the amount of workload, thus it’s difficult to submit all of their college assignments on time without writing help. Communicate with the writer everytime you want using secure chat board and hold observe of the writing progress. In case of any questions, contact our support manager. You know… What if somebody finds out or what in the event that they turn into cheaters. Such a pity I haven’t discovered this service earlier â€" could have saved so much time, energy and nerves. First, we anticipate our future writer to have a University diploma and at least 2 years of experience in custom writing. Tell us ‘write my essay on-line,’ specify your subject and subject, and obtain a compelling English essay within your deadline. Our Quality Assurance Team checks each paper for sale for plagiarism and consistency earlier than last supply. You are assured to receive a completely unique piece with correctly cited sources. Your customized essay shall be deleted in 30 days after the delivery. I even have to work a lot to pay for school and therefore do not have a lot time to deal with multitude of acadmic assignemnts. I had to flip to educational writing company, which turned out to be pretty good! Write My Essays writing service offers discounts for every buyer. Make positive that your order is $30 or above to apply for the discounts. You will get a 5% value reduction if the price of your order is more than $500. But if the price of your order is greater than $one thousand, make sure to obtain a 10% low cost. You get them free of cost with your accomplished paper. Lots of faculty students work part-time attempting to earn extra cash or to pay off their loans. Therefore, they don’t have sufficient time to complete all the writing assignments. All of papers you get at MasterPapers.com are meant for research purposes only. They are qualified at or above the level you requested. If, for instance, you order a high school degree essay, it is going to be assigned to a writer with BA or MA levels, however when you need a thesis or a dissertation, we’ll match you with a PhD skilled. If you've already written your paper however want another pair of eyes to look at it, strive our modifying service. Only authentic essays, analysis papers and the opposite tasks you pay cash for are written completely for you and delivered to you by the deadline you specify. Type of faculty assignments from fast essays to complex research papers.

2013 Admitted Freshman - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2013 Admitted Freshman - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2013 Admitted Freshman We plan to make the final wave of freshman decisions available by 6PM today. For those of you who have been admitted to UGA, here is a post for you and a chance to comment. Please remember that this is not a blog where you should post statistics or throw fellow students under the bus. These types of comments will be deleted. Congratulations to all of the freshman who were admitted and we look forward to you becoming part of the Bulldog Nation. The next steps for a new student can be seen in the flyer in your admission packet, so please go ahead and review what you need to do next. In addition, there will be a great deal of information you can access off of your myStatus page. So when you have the time, please review this. Please remember a small number of students will be admitted for January start. You will findspecificinformation on your myStatus and in your admissions packet. Remember that the Housing and myID pages may need a few business days before your information will be available. Please be patient with these sites. You have until May 1 to submit a commitment deposit in order to hold a spot in our freshman class. We hope the next stage of the admission process is a little less nerve wracking than the decision process. As you celebrate, make sure to be considerate of others in your school who may not have been admitted. Good luck in the next stage of the college admissions process. Go Dawgs!

What Is Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide (or CO) is an odorless, tasteless, invisible gas that is sometimes called the  silent killer  because it poisons and kills many people each year, without them ever being aware of the danger. Heres a look at how carbon monoxide can kill you, the risk factors, and how to detect carbon monoxide and prevent injury or death. Why You Are at Risk From Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Carbon monoxide cannot be heard, smelled, or tasted, but its produced by virtually every item in your home or garage that burns fuel. Particularly dangerous are automobile fumes in an enclosed garage or a closed car. By the time youre aware that something is wrong, theres a good chance you wont be able to function well enough to open a window or leave the building or car. How Carbon Monoxide Kills You When you breathe in carbon monoxide, it enters your lungs and binds to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells. The problem is that hemoglobin binds to carbon monoxide over oxygen, so as the level of carbon monoxide increases, the amount of oxygen your blood carries to your cells decreases. This leads to oxygen starvation or hypoxia. At low concentrations, the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning resemble the flu: including headaches, nausea, and fatigue. Continued exposure or higher concentrations can lead to confusion, dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, severe headache, and fainting. If the brain doesnt get enough oxygen, carbon monoxide exposure can lead to unconsciousness, coma, permanent brain damage, and death. The effects can become deadly within minutes, but long-term low-level exposure is not uncommon and leads to organ damage, disease, and a slower death. Infants, children, and pets are more susceptible to the effects of carbon monoxide than adults, so they are at greater risk for poisoning and death. Long-term exposure can lead to neurological and circulatory system damage, even when the levels arent high enough to produce a significant effect in adults. Exposure to Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide naturally occurs in air, however dangerous levels are produced by any type of incomplete combustion. Examples are common in the home and workplace: Incomplete burning of any fuel, such as propane, gasoline, kerosene, natural gasAutomobile exhaust fumesTobacco smokeBlocked or faulty chimneysBurning any fuel in an enclosed spaceImproperly functioning gas appliancesWood-burning stoves How to Prevent Carbon Monoxide Poisoning The best protection against carbon monoxide poisoning is a carbon monoxide alarm, which alerts you whenever carbon monoxide become elevated. There are detectors designed to sound before CO levels become dangerous and there are detectors that tell you how much carbon monoxide is present. The detector and alarms should be placed anywhere there is a risk of carbon monoxide build-up, including rooms with gas appliances, fireplaces, and garages. You can reduce the risk of carbon monoxide building to critical levels by cracking a window in a room with a gas appliance or fire, so fresh air can circulate.

Financial Performance Of Mangalore Refinery And Petrochemicals Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2494 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) and Reliance Petroleum Limited (RPL) were the first two refineries established by the private sector in India. In March 1992, MRPL brought out a public issue of shares, and in September 1993, RPL did the same. Both these refineries were established at a time when the administered pricing mechanism (APM)[1]was in force. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Performance Of Mangalore Refinery And Petrochemicals Finance Essay" essay for you Create order APM involved full government control over the oil and natural gas sector, where only four major government owned oil companies (IOC, HPCL, BPCL and IBP) had the right to directly market petroleum products (Refer Exhibit I). The government refineries were not able to meet the increasing demand for petroleum products. Hence, opening up of the oil and natural gas sector to private companies and dismantling APM were considered as methods for reducing the demand-supply gap of petroleum products. When the Government of India (GOI) approved private sector participation in the oil refining and petroleum industry, a new investment opportunity was made available to Indian investors. Those who invested in MRPL and RPL were optimistic about the returns on shares of both these companies since reputed leading business houses such as the Aditya Birla Group (ABG)[2]and the Reliance Group[3]promoted these refinery projects. Due to the dearth of oil company stocks promoted by the private sector, the shares of both these companies were lapped up by public investors and financial institutions. Both the public issues were heavily oversubscribed. However, few investment analysts expressed their reservations about investing in stand-alone refineries like MRPL and RPL since they felt that the financial performance of companies in the refining industry was completely dependant on the crude oil prices. In March 2002 Reliance group approved the merger of RPL with Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL)[4]. The appointed date of merger was April 2001. Once again in April 2006 Reliance Group came out with an initial public offer (IPO) for RPL. In this case an analysis of two oil refining companies viz. MRPL and RPL (2005)[Merged] for understanding risk and return involved in investment. MANGALORE REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICALS LTD. (MRPL): Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) was incorporated on 7th March 1988. Company was started as joint venture of Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (HPCL)[5]and Indian Rayon Industries Limited (IRIL) Associates (AV Birla Group). MRPL has the distinction of being the only refinery in India with two CCRs which produces unleaded petrol of high octane. In the year 1993 MRPL made a public issue consisting 4,31,60,000 shares of which 16 percent was Secured Redeemable Partly Convertible Debentures (PCDs) priced at Rs 135 which fetched 582.66 crores. It also issued 2,80,00,000 shares of which 17.5 percent was Secured Redeemable Non Convertible Debentures of Rs 200 each (with Detachable Equity Warrants) fetching Rs 560 crores. In the same year MRPL also tied up with internationally reputed technology suppliers for process technologies. In March 2003 ONGC acquired the share holding of 37.39 percent which was held by AV Birla Group. Further ONGC added the capital of Rs 600 crores and made MRPL as a majority held subsidiary of ONGC. As on 31st March 2010 HPCL holds 16.96 percent (297153518 shares) and ONGC 71.63 percent (1255354097 shares) shares of MRPL. In September 1995 MRPL started a 45 MW cogeneration plant and also three million tones refinery by the end of 1995- 96 financial year. In 1999 MRPL signed deal with Chevron- Texaco for crude sourcing. The cost effective process of debottlenecking of some units resulted in enhancing the refining capacity to 12 million tones. The refining capacity was increased to 9 MMTPA in 2001. In 2006 MRPL mad an alliance with Abu Dhabi firm and also an agreement with Mauritius Company. The refinery up gradation and expansion project was undertaken at a cost of Rs 7943 crores in 2006-07. ONGC Mangalore Petrochemicals Ltd. (OMPL), a joint venture of ONGC and MRPL was incorporated for Aromatics Project worth of Rs. 4852 crore. In 2007 MRPL entered contract with State Trading Corporation (STC), Mauritius for supplying petroleum products and 4 year product supply agreement with Shell India Marketing. MRPL and Shell Aviation in 2008 entered an agreement for a joint venture to market and supply aviation fuel. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE Table 1 shows the financial performance of MRPL for last five years (i.e. from 2005- 06 to 2009- 10). Total income has increased consistently in first four years from Rs 2,50,443.20 million in 2005- 06 to Rs 3,84,303.90 million in 2008- 09. But it declined by 15.25 percent to Rs 3,25,670.80 million in 2009- 10. Profit before depreciation and tax (PBDT) also has followed the same trend as in the case of total income, which increased in first four years before it declined by 5.14 percent in 2009- 10. Net profit increased in first three years and declined in last two years. Net profit declined by 6.26 percent in 2008- 09 in comparison with 2007- 08 and by 6.72 percent in 2009- 10 in comparison with 2008- 09. Operating profit margin (OPM) and net profit margin (NPM) have increased over the years and company has sustained it in the last three years at a higher level compared to first two years. MRPL has also sustained the level of earnings per share (EPS) and cash earnings per share (CEPS ) albeit declining marginally since 2007- 08. Depreciation has increased consistently in all five years. Even reserves also has followed the same trend. It has increased by 29.2 percent in 2009- 10 in comparison with 2008- 09. RECENT QUARTERLY PERFORMANCE Recent quarterly performance is shown in EXHIBIT V. In case of MRPL, for 4th quarter of 2009-10 financial year reported net profit of 2,530.7 million, 58.3 percent decline from corresponding quarter of the previous year (6,076.2 million). Total income increased by 35 percent as against 50 percent increase in expenditure. Operating profit margin (OPM) was 5.75 percent as against 15.42 percent whereas net profit margin (NPM) was 2.85 percent as against 9.26 percent in the corresponding quarter of the previous year. Profit for 3rd quarter of 2009-10 financial year was at Rs. 2595.4 million compared to loss of Rs. 2854.1 million in the corresponding quarter of the previous year. Operating margin was 4.8 percent and operating profits of Rs 4486.2 million as against negative 4.7 percent operating margin and loss of 3511.7 million in the corresponding quarter of the previous year. Other income increased by 43 percent (Rs. 696.6 million) and interest cost fell by 20 percent. Company also registered a marginal rise in depreciation (3 percent). These factors led to profit before tax (PBT) of Rs 2838.3 million as against loss of 4348.6 million in the corresponding quarter of the previous year. The final outcome for the company was profit of Rs. 2595.4 million as against the loss of Rs. 2854.1 million in the corresponding quarter of the previous year. RELIANCE PETROLEUM LTD. (RPL) [2005] (MERGED): Reliance Petroleum Ltd. (RPL) was incorporated in October 2005 as a subsidiary of Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL) in the special economic zone (SEZ) at Jamnagar. The main objective behind setting up of RPL was to take advantage of the emerging opportunities in the energy sector i.e. the rising demand in the west for high quality fuels that meet stern emission rules and expanding price gap between heavy and light crude oil. In 2006, RPL made initial public offering (IPO) of 1350 million equity shares with a face value of Rs. 10. Out of it 450 million shares were offered for retail investors with a price band of Rs 57 to Rs 62. Retail investors had the option of paying Rs 16 per share on application. Shares were oversubscribed close to 50 times and finally shares were offered at Rs. 60, Rs 2 below the upper price band. RIL subscribed to an additional 900 million equity shares at Rs. 62. RIL was holding around 80 percent of stake in RPL in the post IPO period which also included the 2700 million shares subscribed at Rs. 10 before the public issue. Analysts saw positives about investing in RPL IPO mainly from the point of view of Reliance groups experience in running large capacity businesses. But they also cautioned about possible delay in commissioning of the refinery by the set deadline of December 2008. Concern was also raised about the fact that opportunity spotted by RPL was known to other MNCs as well and it may be just a matter of time before others get in to the same business. They also cautioned about the possibility of merger of new entity with RIL as they were in similar business and given the history of Reliance group of merging the subsidiaries with itself. RPL was set up in the special economic zone in Jamnagar, Gujarat, adjacent to the existing RIL refinery. The refinery had the capacity to process 580,000 barrels per day, or 27 million tonnes per annum of crude oil. The expected capital cost of the refinery was Rs. 270000 million. Company made considerable progress in 2007-08 in implementing the refinery project. Directors report on March 2008 claimed that it completed around 90 percent of the implementation of the project. It was one of the largest and most efficient refineries in the world with good synergies. In December 2008 it started the refining activity and announced that it will attain the full capacity shortly. With the completion RPL refinery, Jamnagar became the largest refining complex with an aggregate refining capacity of 1.24 million barrels of oil per day in any single location in the world. RECENT QUARTERLY PERFORMANCE RPL reported the income of Rs 76390 million from operations for the quarter ended in June 2009 and net profit was at Rs. 1050 million. Gross refining margin was $5.4 per barrel. 4.04 million tonnes of crude oil was processed in the quarter which included 20 types of crude oils. Total export was at 2.5 million tonnes of refined products to 26 countries. Company was successful in commissioning all key processing units in that quarter. RPL reported income of 36780 million for the year ended March 2009 and profit stood at 2270 million. Operating profit margin was 6.2 percent. MERGER On February 27, 2009 it was announced that RIL and RPL will be merged. Board meeting of RPL and RIL on March 2nd 2009 finalized the modalities of merging RPL with RIL. Swap ratio was fixed at one RIL share for 16 RPL shares (1:16). Decision of merger did not come as a surprise for market participants given the track record of Reliance group in the last three decades. Reliance group is a combination of several companies which were floated for executing specific projects and subsequently merged with it. (For e.g. Reliance Petrochemicals Ltd., Reliance Polyethylene Ltd. and Reliance Polypropylene Ltd.). Market observers argued that the strategy of Reliance group was to start large capital intensive projects in the balance sheet of a new company and once project is operational, merging them with the RIL. Benefit for RIL is that it is protected from risk of project execution as well as its balance sheet will not be affected by equity or debt burden. Different views have been expressed by analysts. It was argued that there was no business synergy in the merger of RPL with RIL. At least in the first merger of RPL and RIL in 2002, RPL was supplying refinery by- products to RIL. But in second merger in 2009, there was no difference between the refineries of RIL and RPL except for the technological superiority of RPLs refinery. The main reason for setting up of separate company (i.e. RPL) was to reap the benefits of special economic zone since such benefits were not available for expansion plans of the existing companies (Srinivasan, R. 2009). PTI reported that, it is an action replay after seven years. Announcement time as well as negative market reaction following merger announcement were common factors in both the mergers. Merger announcement timing was criticized on the ground that it did not provide any arbitrage opportunity for traders. Merger decision was first announced on Friday (27th February, 2009) after the market close and swap ratio (1RIL: 16RPL) was fixed before the market open next Monday (2nd March, 2009). Swap ratio was same as the ratio of the closing price of the stocks on the announcement day. Traders were not able to adopt strategies according to their analysis of the companies and speculation on swap ratio. On March 3rd, 2009, Economic Times reported that swap ratio of 1 RIL: 16 RPL was positive for RPL share holders and disappointing to RIL share holders. It was expressed by 3.1 percent fall in the RIL price and 1.4 percent fall in RPL price following the merger announcement. On same day The Hindu reported that merger was attractive for both RPL and RIL share holders. Merger helps RIL to consolidate its position since it acquired a world class refinery with minimum project risk; on the other hand, it helps RPL by reducing volatility in earnings. FUTURE PROSPECTS IN REFINING SECTOR: India has achieved impressive growth in refining sector since independence. It started with 0.25 million tonnes per annum at Digboi oil refinery, only refinery of independent India. As on December 2009, there are 20 refineries (17 in public sector and 3 in the private sector) with capacity of 179.956 MMTPA. India is not only self sufficient in refining oil for domestic consumption but also exports the petroleum products. Demand for petroleum products are directly linked to the energy requirements of the country and India being second fastest growing country in the world, shows positive signs for the refining sector. Report of the Working Group on Petroleum and Natural Gas for the XI Plan (2007 2012) states that refinery sector in Asia is turning attractive due to no substantial capacity addition in Europe. With only marginal capacity addition in US and in Central Asia refineries being old require large investment. Only Middle East, China and India have seen significant growth in refining sector. As Asia in general being projected as the growth centre for coming decades provides an excellent opportunity for Asian countries in general and India in particular. The feasible way would be establishing refineries which meet the world fuel standards and accessing world markets by exporting the surplus products. Report also stated that the target of 10th Five Years Plan (2002-2007) has been adequately met. 11th plan (2007- 2012) has fixed the target of 91.99 MMTPA capacity addition, however it states that actual capacity addition depends on various factors like domestic demand, tariff, refining margin and export potential. Plan expects the refining capacity to be around 190 to 200 MMTPA with the scope of export of 45 to 55 MMTPA by 2012. 11th plan has also given projection for the 12th plan period as well. An approximate assessment puts the capacity addition of 67.24 MMTPA (43.30 MMTPA in public sector and 23.94 MMTPA in private sector) is expected. But it depends on the commercial viability of the projects as well as demand for petroleum products during the 11th plan period. THE STOCK MARKET PERSPECTIVE According to stock market analysts, the share price of a company usually provided a true reflection of the companys present and expected financial performance. The stock price usually reflected various risks associated with the company, which could be broadly categorized as systematic and unsystematic risks (Refer Exhibit V). An analysis of the stock price performance of MRPL and RPL would help investors analyze the quantum of returns offered to them and identify the extent of risks associated with these companies over a specified period of time. The quarterly share prices of MRPL and RPL from January 2005 to May 2010 are provided in Table III to help measure the risks and returns of these two companies.

Queuing Theory Free Essays

string(51) " be exponentially distributed with mean 3 minutes\." Waiting Line Models ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The Structure of a Waiting Line System Queuing Systems Queuing System Input Characteristics Queuing System Operating Characteristics Analytical Formulas Single-Channel Waiting Line Model with Poisson Arrivals and Exponential Service Times Multiple-Channel Waiting Line Model with Poisson Arrivals and Exponential Service Times Economic Analysis of Waiting Lines Slide 1 Structure of a Waiting Line System ? ? Queuing theory is the study of waiting lines. Four characteristics of a queuing system are: †¢the manner in which customers arrive †¢the time required for service the priority determining the order of service †¢the number and configuration of servers in the system. Slide 2 Structure of a Waiting Line System ? ? Distribution of Arrivals †¢Generally, the arrival of customers into the system is a random event. We will write a custom essay sample on Queuing Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢Frequently the arrival pattern is modeled as a Poisson process. Distribution of Service Times †¢Service time is also usually a random variable. †¢A distribution commonly used to describe service time is the exponential distribution. Slide 3 Structure of a Waiting Line System ? Queue Discipline †¢Most common queue discipline is first come, first served (FCFS). An elevator is an example of last come, first served (LCFS) queue discipline. †¢Other disciplines assign priorities to the waiting units and then serve the unit with the highest priority first. Slide 4 Structure of a Waiting Line System ? Single Service Channel Customer arrives ? Waiting line Multiple Service Channels System S1 Customer leaves System S1 Customer arrives Waiting line S2 Customer leaves S3 Slide 5 Examples of Internal Service Systems That Are Queueing Systems Type of System Customers Server(s) Secretarial services Employees Secretary Copying services Employees Copy machine Computer prog ramming services Employees Programmer Mainframe computer Employees Computer First-aid center Employees Nurse Faxing services Employees Fax machine Materials-handling system Loads Materials-handling unit Maintenance system Machines Repair crew Inspection station Items Inspector Production system Jobs Machine Semiautomatic machines Machines Operator Tool crib Machine Clerk Slide 6 Examples of Transportation Service Systems That Are Queueing Systems Type of System Customers Server(s) Highway tollbooth Cars Cashier Truck loading dock Trucks Loading crew Port unloading area Ships Unloading crew Airplanes waiting to take off Airplanes Runway Airplanes waiting to land Airplanes Runway Airline service People Airplane Taxicab service People Taxicab Elevator service People Elevator Fire department Fires Fire truck Parking lot Cars Parking space Ambulance service People Ambulance Slide 7 Queuing Systems ? ? ? ? A three part code of the form A/B/k is used to describe various queuing systems. A identifies the arrival distribution, B the service (departure) distribution and k the number of channels for the system. Symbols used for the arrival and service processes are: M – Markov distributions (Poisson/exponential), D – Deterministic (constant) and G – General istribution (with a known mean and variance). For example, M/M/k refers to a system in which arrivals occur according to a Poisson distribution, service times follow an exponential distribution and there are k servers working at identical service rates. Slide 8 Queuing System Input Characteristics = 1/? =  µ= 1/ µ = = the average arrival rate the average time between arrivals the average service rate for each server the average service time the standard deviation of the service time Slide 9 Queuing System Operating Characteristics P0 = Pn = Pw = Lq = probability the service facility is idle robability of n units in the system probability an arriving unit must wait for service average number of units in the queue awaiting service L = average number of units in the system Wq = average time a unit spends in the queue awaiting service W = average time a unit spends in the system Slide 10 Analytical Formulas ? ? For nearly all queuing systems, there is a relationship between the average time a unit spends in the system or queue and the average number of units in the system or queue. These relationships, known as Little’s flow equations are: L = ? W and Lq = ? Wq Slide 11 Analytical Formulas ? ? When the queue discipline is FCFS, analytical formulas have been derived for several different queuing models including the following: †¢M/M/1 †¢M/M/k †¢M/G/1 †¢M/G/k with blocked customers cleared †¢M/M/1 with a finite calling population Analytical formulas are not available for all possible queuing systems. In this event, insights may be gained through a simulation of the system. Slide 12 M/M/1 Queuing System ? ? ? ? ? ? Single channel Poisson arrival-rate distribution Exponential service-time distribution Unlimited maximum queue length Infinite calling population Examples: †¢Single-window theatre ticket sales booth Single-scanner airport security station Slide 13 Notation for Single-Server Queueing Models ? ? = Mean arrival rate for customers = Expected number of arrivals per unit time 1/? = expected interarrival time ? m = Mean service rate (for a continuously busy server) = Expected number of service completions per unit time 1/m = expected service time ? r = the utilization factor = the average fraction of time that a server is busy serving customers = /? m Slide 14 ? Assumptions 1. Interarrival times have an exponential distribution with a mean of 1/?. 2. Service times have an exponential distribution with a ean of 1/m. 3. The queueing system has one server. †¢ The expected number of customers in the system is L = r? /? (1 –? r) = /? (m? – ? )? †¢ The expected waiting time in the system is W = (1 / ? )L = 1 / (m – ? ) †¢ The expected waiting time in the queue is Wq = W – 1/m = ? / [m(m – ? )] †¢ The expected number of customers in the queue is Lq = ? Wq = ? 2 / [m(m – ? )] = r2 / (1 – r) Slide 15 ? The probability of having exactly n customers in the system is Pn = (1 – r)rn Thus, P0 = 1 – r P1 = (1 – r)r P2 = (1 – r)r2 : : ? The probability that the waiting time in the system exceeds t is P(W ; t) = e–m(1–r)t for t ? ? The probability that the waiting time in the queue exceeds t is P(Wq ; t) = re–m(1–r)t for t ? 0 Slide 16 Problem: ? Consider the situation where the mean arrival rate is one customer every 4 minutes and the mean service time is 2. 5 minutes. Calculate the following †¢Average no. of customer in the system †¢Average queue length †¢Average time a customer spends in the system †¢Average time a customer waits before being served. Slide 17 Problem: ? ? ? Arrivals at a telephone booth are considered to be Poisson, with an average time of 10 minutes between one arrival and the next. The length of a phone call is ssumed to be exponentially distributed with mean 3 minutes. You read "Queuing Theory" in category "Essay examples" What is the probability that a person arriving at the booth will have to wait? The telephone department will install a second booth when convinced that an arrival would expect to have to wait at least three minutes for the phone . By how much must the flow of arrivals be increased in order to justify a second booth? Slide 18 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? M/M/1 Queuing System Joe Ferris is a stock trader on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange for the firm of Smith, Jones, Johnson, and Thomas, Inc. Stock transactions arrive at a mean rate of 20 per hour. Each order received by Joe requires an average of two minutes to process. Orders arrive at a mean rate of 20 per hour or one order every 3 minutes. Therefore, in a 15 minute interval the average number of orders arriving will be ? = 15/3 = 5. Slide 19 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Arrival Rate Distribution Question What is the probability that no orders are received within a 15-minute period? Answer P (x = 0) = (50e -5)/0! = e -5 = .0067 Slide 20 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Arrival Rate Distribution Question What is the probability that exactly 3 orders are received within a 15-minute period? Answer P (x = 3) = (53e -5)/3! 125(. 0067)/6 = . 1396 Slide 21 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Arrival Rate Distribution Question What is the probability that more than 6 orders arrive within a 15-minute period? Answer P (x ; 6) = 1 – P (x = 0) – P (x = 1) – P (x = 2) – P (x = 3) – P (x = 4) – P (x = 5) – P (x = 6) = 1 – . 762 = . 238 Slide 22 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Service Rate Distribution Question What is the mean service rate per hour? Answer Since Joe Ferris can process an order in an average time of 2 minutes (= 2/60 hr. ), then the mean service rate,  µ, is  µ = 1/(mean service time), or 60/2. m = 30/hr. Slide 23 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Service Time Distribution Question What percentage of the orders will take less than one minute to process? Answer Since the units are expressed in hours, P (T ; 1 minute) = P (T ; 1/60 hour). Using the exponential distribution, P (T ; t ) = 1 – e- µt. Hence, P (T ; 1/60) = 1 – e-30(1/60) = 1 – . 6065 = . 3935 = 39. 35% Slide 24 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Service Time Distribution Question What percentage of the orders will be processed in exactly 3 minutes? Answer Since the exponential distribution is a continuous distribution, the probability a service time exactly equals any specific value is 0 . Slide 25 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Service Time Distribution Question What percentage of the orders will require more than 3 minutes to process? Answer The percentage of orders requiring more than 3 minutes to process is: P (T ; 3/60) = e-30(3/60) = e -1. 5 = . 2231 = 22. 31% Slide 26 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Average Time in the System Question What is the average time an order must wait from the time Joe receives the order until it is finished being processed (i. e. its turnaround time)? Answer This is an M/M/1 queue with ? = 20 per hour and m = 30 per hour. The average time an order waits in the system is: W = 1/( µ – ? ) 1/(30 – 20) = 1/10 hour or 6 minutes Slide 27 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Average Length of Queue Question What is the average number of orders Joe has waiting to be processed? Answer Average number of orders waiting in the queue is: Lq = ? 2/[ µ( µ – ? )] = (20)2/[(30)(30-20)] = 400/300 = 4/3 Slide 28 Example: SJJT, Inc. (A) ? Utilization Factor Question What percentage of the time is Joe processing orders? Answer The percentage of time Joe is processing orders is equivalent to the utilization factor, ? /m. Thus, the percentage of time he is processing orders is: ?/m = 20/30 = 2/3 or 66. 67% Slide 29 Example: SJJT, Inc. A) Solution ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F Poisson Arrival Rate Exponential Service Rate Operating Characteristics Probability of no orders in system Average number of orders waiting Average number of orders in system Average time an order waits Average time an order is in system Probability an order must wait G ? m H 20 30 Po Lg L Wq W Pw 0. 333 1. 333 2. 000 0. 067 0. 100 0. 667 Slide 30 M/M/k Queuing System ? ? ? ? ? ? Multiple channels (with one central waiting line) Poisson arrival-rate distribution Exponential service-time distribution Unlimited maximum queue length Infinite calling population Examples: Four-teller transaction counter in bank †¢Two-clerk returns counter in retail store Slide 31 1 ? P? n ? m ? P0 , for (n ? k) ? n! ? ? n ? ? m ? P0 , for (n ? k) ? ? ? 1 n k ? 1 1 km ? ? ? ? n! ? m ? ? k! ? m ? km ? ? ? ? ? 1 ? k! k n ? k P? 0 P w ? n ? k ? 1 ? n ? 0 ? n 1 ? ? P(n ? k ) ? ?m? ? k! ? ? k km P0 , km ? ? k ?m ? ? m ? ? ? ? ? ? L? P0 ? 2 m (k ? 1)! (km ? ? ) W? L ? , Lq ? ,r ? km Lq ? 1 ? L? , Wq ? W ? ? m m ? Slide 32 General Operating Characteristics Little’ s F low Equations : L (or W ? ) ? Lq (or Wq ? ) ? L ? ?W L q ? ?Wq W ? Wq ? 1 m Slide 33 Problem: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? A Tax consulting firm has four service stations (counters) in its office to receive people who have problems and complaints about their income, wealth and sales taxes. Arrivals average 80 persons in an 8 hour service day. Each tax advisor spends irregular amount of time servicing the arrivals which have been found to have an exponential distribution. The average service time is 20 minutes. Calculate the average no. of customers in the system, average no. of customers waiting to be serviced, average time a customer spend in the system, average waiting time for a customer in queue. Calculate how many hours each week does a tax advisor spend erforming his job? What is the probability that a customer has to wait before he gets service? What is the expected no. of idle tax advisors at any specified time? Slide 34 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? M/M/2 Queuing System Smith, Jones, Johnson, and Thomas, Inc. has begun a major advertising campaign which it believes will increase its business 50%. To handle the increased volume, the company has hired an additional floor trader, Fred Hanson, who works at the same speed as Joe Ferris. Note that the new arrival rate of orders, ? , is 50% higher than that of problem (A). Thus, ? = 1. 5(20) = 30 per hour. Slide 35 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Sufficient Service Rate Question Why will Joe Ferris alone not be able to handle the increase in orders? Answer Since Joe Ferris processes orders at a mean rate of  µ = 30 per hour, then ? =  µ = 30 and the utilization factor is 1. This implies the queue of orders will grow infinitely large. Hence, Joe alone cannot handle this increase in demand. Slide 36 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Probability of n Units in System Question What is the probability that neither Joe nor Fred will be working on an order at any point in time? Slide 37 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Probability of n Units in System (continued) Answer Given that ? = 30,  µ = 30, k = 2 and (? / µ) = 1, the probability that neither Joe nor Fred will be working is: 1 P0 ? k ? 1 ( ? / m )n (? / m ) k km ? ( ) ? n! k! km ? ? n? 0 = 1/[(1 + (1/1! )(30/30)1] + [(1/2! )(1)2][2(30)/(2(30)-30)] = 1/(1 + 1 + 1) = 1/3 = .333 Slide 38 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Average Time in System Question What is the average turnaround time for an order with both Joe and Fred working? Slide 39 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Average Time in System (continued) Answer The average turnaround time is the average waiting time in the system, W. Lq = ? µ(? / µ)k (k-1)! (k µ – ? )2 P0 = (30)(30)(30/30)2 (1! ((2)(30)-30))2 (1/3) = 1/3 L = Lq + (? / µ) = 1/3 + (30/30) = 4/3 W = L/ (4/3)/30 = 4/90 hr. = 2. 67 min. Slide 40 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Average Length of Queue Question What is the average number of orders waiting to be filled with both Joe and Fred working? Answer The average number of orders waiting to be filled is Lq. This was calcula ted earlier as 1/3 . Slide 41 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Formula Spreadsheet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A B C D E F Number of Channels Mean Arrival Rate (Poisson) Mean Service Rate (Exponential ) Operating Characteristics Probability of no orders in system Average number of orders waiting Average number of orders in system Average time (hrs) an order waits Average time (hrs) an order is in system Probability an order must wait G k ? m H 2 30 30 Po =Po(H1,H2,H3) Lg ## L =H6+H2/H3 Wq =H6/H2 W =H8+1/H3 Pw =H2/H3 Slide 42 Example: SJJT, Inc. (B) ? Spreadsheet Solution 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A B C D E F Number of Channels Mean Arrival Rate (Poisson) Mean Service Rate (Exponential ) Operating Characteristics Probability of no orders in system Average number of orders waiting Average number of orders in system Average time (hrs) an order waits Average time (hrs) an order is in system Probability an order must wait G k ? m H 2 30 30 Po Lg L Wq W Pw 0. 333 0. 333 1. 333 0. 011 0. 044 1. 000 Slide 43 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Economic Analysis of Queuing Systems The advertising campaign of Smith, Jones, Johnson and Thomas, Inc. (see problems (A) and (B)) was so successful that business actually doubled. The mean rate of stock orders arriving at the exchange is now 40 per hour and the company must decide how many floor traders to employ. Each floor trader hired can process an order in an average time of 2 minutes. Slide 44 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Economic Analysis of Queuing Systems Based on a number of factors the brokerage firm as determined the average waiting cost per minute for an order to be $. 50. Floor traders hired will earn $20 per hour in wages and benefits. Using this information compare the total hourly cost of hiring 2 traders with that of hiring 3 traders. Slide 45 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Economic Analysis of Waiting Lines Total Hourly Cost = (Total salary cost per hour) + (Tota l hourly cost for orders in the system) = ($20 per trader per hour) x (Number of traders) + ($30 waiting cost per hour) x (Average number of orders in the system) = 20k + 30L. Thus, L must be determined for k = 2 traders and for k = 3 traders with ? = 40/hr. nd m = 30/hr. (since the average service time is 2 minutes (1/30 hr. ). Slide 46 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Cost of Two Servers P0 ? 1 k ? 1 (? ? n? 0 / m )n ( ? / m ) k km ? ( ) n! k! km ? ? P0 = 1 / [1+(1/1! )(40/30)]+[(1/2! )(40/30)2(60/(60-40))] = 1 / [1 + (4/3) + (8/3)] = 1/5 Slide 47 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Cost of Two Servers (continued) Thus, Lq = ? µ(? / µ)k (k-1)! (k µ -? )2 P0 = (40)(30)(40/30)2 1! (60-40)2 (1/5) = 16/15 L = Lq + (? / µ) = 16/15 + 4/3 = 12/5 Total Cost = (20)(2) + 30(12/5) = $112. 00 per hour Slide 48 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Cost of Three Servers P0 ? 1 k ? 1 (? ? n? 0 / m )n ( ? / m ) k km ( ) n! k! km ? ? P0 = 1/[[1+(1/1! )(40/30)+(1/2! )(40/30)2]+ [(1/3! )(40/30)3(90/(90-40))] ] = 1 / [1 + 4/3 + 8/9 + 32/45] = 15/59 Slide 49 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? Cost of Three Servers (continued) (30)(40)(40/30)3 Hence, Lq = (15/59) = 128/885 = . 1446 (2! )(3(30)-40)2 Thus, L = 128/885 + 40/30 = 1308/885 (= 1. 4780) Total Cost = (20)(3) + 30(1308/885) = $104. 35 per hour Slide 50 Example: SJJT, Inc. (C) ? System Cost Comparison 2 Traders 3 Traders Wage Cost/Hr $40. 00 60. 00 Waiting Cost/Hr $82. 00 44. 35 Total Cost/Hr $112. 00 104. 35 Thus, the cost of having 3 traders is less than that of 2 traders. Slide 51 How to cite Queuing Theory, Essay examples

Roe Vs Wade Essays - James Madison, Abortion Debate,

Roe Vs Wade Roe Vs Wade, the decision. 1. The requirements of the Constitution. Any analysis of Roe Vs Wade must be accomplished within the language of the Constitution. Under the American Constitution the state is obligated to exercise its powers with extreme deference to the rights of the individual. Certain of these rights are so crucial to the establishment and maintenance of a free society that special amendments, i.e. the Bill of Rights, were added to the Constitution to specifically stay the hand of the state when the exercise of its powers placed it in conflict with the interests of the individual. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments specifically prohibit the taking of a human life without due process of law. The Fourteenth Amendment expands this guarantee by prohibiting any state from denying a person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the law. The Constitution extends these guarantees to all persons within the jurisdiction of the United States. No other qualification is made. The only conditions which can be identified anywhere in the Constitution are life, which is presumed to be present, and personage, which is a given condition of the human specie. When life begins, stage of development, age, environment, meaningfulness of life, potential, viability, morality, religion nor any other condition are anywhere mentioned and do not compromise or modify these guarantees. In Roe Vs Wade Justice Blackmun acknowledged, regarding the status of the fetus and referring to the Texas statute on abortion, that If this suggestion of person hood is established,......the fetus' right to life is then guaranteed specifically by the [14th] Amendment. In other words, the only requirements held forth by the Constitution regarding the disposition of the unborn are first, that life be present, second, that it belong to a person, i.e. a human bei ng, and third, if these criteria are met, that due process be extended before its life can be taken. *********************************************************************************************2. Proof that life is present: The spirit and language of the Constitution are such that the presumption of the presence of life, as it pertains to persons, must always preclude any assumption that life is not present. In every action involving law the presence of life is a given. It is the absence of life that must be verified and certified by the State or responsible authority in every instance along with the cause of death, if known. Even the presumption of death, in the absence of a corpus, involves a lengthy lapse of time and a detailed process to accomplish. It was therefore an automatic burden of the Court to establish, beyond any reasonable doubt, that life was not present in the unborn individual before issuing license to those who might take it. This was a duty that the Court not only failed to accomplish but rejected out of hand. The redundant and consistent history of human experience teaches two lessons pertinent to this issue. First, living things eventually become non living things. Second, non living things never become living things. From these two facts we can derive two truths. First, life is either present or it is not. This is a statement of inherent truth, a tautology. Second, no species of life ever arises spontaneously. If these things are true then it follows that life must be present from the point of conception until death occurs. This conclusion is inescapable. When life begins is of no consequence. This is a simple but valid Aristotelian syllogism leading to a simple, valid and irrefutable conclusion. Life begets only life. It may survive only a short time and then die, but first it was alive. 3. Species, i.e. personage. All living things are a product of a reproductive process. The reproduction of anything requires the existence of a template, be it a die, a blue print, a set of repeatable instructions or whatever to determine what species of thing will be reproduced. Among the living that template is genetics. Species among the living is a property of genetics and nothing else. Therefore if the living being in question is of human origin and human destiny then between the point of its origin and any time in the future it can only be regarded as human.

Free Essays on Basic Marketing Principles

Revision Session for Marketing MKG1001 1. Marketing? Chapter 1 When you market you match your business and your product or service to your customer’s needs and wants What is the difference between Selling & Marketing? What is the difference between customer focused and selling focused? What is your USP? How do you identify the needs of your customers? 2. Market Research Chapter 3 Know about and understand: low cost market research your competitor – both direct & indirect that competition is good how to use research to quantify the market size the importance of knowing everything about your customer the difference between Secondary and Primary Data Market Information systems 6 step research process – Identify Problem, Conduct Situation analysis, Informal Evaluation – Secondary Research, Formal investigation – Primary Research, Analyze Data, Conduct Follow Up Research the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research that market research is the beginning of fostering client relationships 3. Market Segmentation & Positioning Chapter 4 Know and understand: market segmentation the importance of your target market segmentation categories – Geographic, Demographic, Psychographics, Behavior, Product Benefits, Product Usage that segmentation process must be – measurable & obtainable, with the market large enough and accessible the 10 Value Segments of Customer positioning the perceptual maps of positioning – value vs. quality etc the positioning according to Competition, Company, customers and using the Marketing Mix 4. Marketing Mix Chapter 7 Know and understand: Marketing Mix the 4 P’s how to use the 4 P’s to differentiate... Free Essays on Basic Marketing Principles Free Essays on Basic Marketing Principles Revision Session for Marketing MKG1001 1. Marketing? Chapter 1 When you market you match your business and your product or service to your customer’s needs and wants What is the difference between Selling & Marketing? What is the difference between customer focused and selling focused? What is your USP? How do you identify the needs of your customers? 2. Market Research Chapter 3 Know about and understand: low cost market research your competitor – both direct & indirect that competition is good how to use research to quantify the market size the importance of knowing everything about your customer the difference between Secondary and Primary Data Market Information systems 6 step research process – Identify Problem, Conduct Situation analysis, Informal Evaluation – Secondary Research, Formal investigation – Primary Research, Analyze Data, Conduct Follow Up Research the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative Research that market research is the beginning of fostering client relationships 3. Market Segmentation & Positioning Chapter 4 Know and understand: market segmentation the importance of your target market segmentation categories – Geographic, Demographic, Psychographics, Behavior, Product Benefits, Product Usage that segmentation process must be – measurable & obtainable, with the market large enough and accessible the 10 Value Segments of Customer positioning the perceptual maps of positioning – value vs. quality etc the positioning according to Competition, Company, customers and using the Marketing Mix 4. Marketing Mix Chapter 7 Know and understand: Marketing Mix the 4 P’s how to use the 4 P’s to differentiate...